Why do some children thrive against the odds, outperforming peers who face similar constraints? DataDrive2030’s Early Learning Positive Deviance Initiative seeks to identify behaviours that drive unexpected success. This brief explores one of these behaviours: warm, curious, child-led conversation. Tuned to a child’s interests, everyday interactions between early learning practitioners and children can unlock powerful developmental gains. KEY INSIGHTS Warm, interactive conversations positively impact child development. When curiosity is encouraged and children feel seen and valued, it fuels learning and connection. Shifting practitioner behaviour is possible – and it works. DD2030 uses a behavioural change model to build awareness, skills, and motivation, equipping adults to engage more effectively with children. Studying children who thrive in tough contexts enables us to identify high-impact behaviours already improving outcomes.